Adrian Espinoza -The International Reach of the Mara Salvatrucha, by Mandalit del Barco

1) What is "Mano Dura?"
-El Salvador has a similar law, called the "Mano Dura," or Firm Hand, and now the "Super Mano Dura."

2) How are the police in El Salvador trying to prevent gang activity?
- they are in a battle with the MS 13

3) What does it say is the reason that MS13 started in Los Angeles?
-And some of the worst of those "monsters" — members of the Mara Salvatrucha — were created in Los Angeles, Calif. Immigrants from El Salvador living in the city's Pico Union area created the gang. In an effort to stem the violence, U.S. officials began deporting suspected gang members back to Central America in the 1990s.

Adrian Espinoza - Burgeoning gangs behind up to 80% of crime

1. How many gang members are there in the US?
-1 million
2. In how many states is MS13 active?
-42
3. Summarize gang activity in Omaha, Nashville, and Maryland.
Omaha-last of 24 ms 13 were arrested with federal arms charges and conspiracy to distribute methamphetamine.
Nashville-during the last two years 14 ms 13 members pleaded guilty on charges ranging from murder to obstruction justice.
Maryland-federal authorites said that since 2005 they have apprehanded 42 ms13 members and over half were charged with racketeering conspiracy in which means the members were involved in robberies and beatings.

Adrain Espinoza filmclass grade

*** What is your percentage?
-45/75

*** How many assignments are you missing?
-i have 6 missing assignments

Adrian Espinoza - Jardim Gramacho

1. What is Jardim Gramacho? Where is it located?
Jardim Gramacho is a landfill. It is located at Rio de Janeiro and surrounding areas.

2. What are catadores? What has their contribution to Jardim Gramacho been?
The catadores are anarchic community of scavengers during the economic crises of the 70’s and 80’s. Their contribution to Jardim Gramacho has been removing 200 tons of recyclable materials each day.

3. How many catadores live in Jardim Gramacho?
13,000

4. How has the catadores job been formalized by the government? When does it end? What effect could this have?
The catadores job had been formalized by the government by establishing the job and rehabilitating the landfill. It will end in 2012.It would put many people out of work and homes.

Adrian Espinoza - Landfills

1. How much waste does one person make a day?
-Americans generate trash at an astonishing rate of 4.6 pounds (2.1 kilograms) per day per person

2. Of all waste created, what percentage is recycled or used as compost?
-32.5 pounds is recycled or compost

3. In the US, how much trash is thrown into landfills?
- 251 million tons

4. What is the difference between a dump and a landfill?
- a dump is a whole in the ground and a landfill ic created above the ground

5. Why is the flow of water near a landfill important?
- so the trash doesnt get cought on fire

6. When a landfill is built, why does there have to be so much extra land surrounding the actual landfill? What is this for?
- for senatary reasons so it doesnt hurt the enviornment.

7. Consider - considering how much trash Americans produce each year, what do you think are some potential problems that we may encounter?
- over population of trash.

Adrian Espinoza City of Quartz summary

Assignment:

There are three reasons listed as to the why the disenfranchisment of African Americans occurred. Summarize each reason in two sentences per reason.

Reason 1 - Diverse racial composition    -The reason for diverse racial composition is that by generating increased competition for the menial labor and manufacturing jobs that would have gone to them easily in a city like Chicago or Detroit and after WWII they became isolated rather than racial intergration.

Reason 2 - Dynamic economic growth   -Though a new wave of both very high-skill and very low-skill manufacturing industries, along with the expansion of retail and service industries, created thousands of new jobs in Los Angeles and Southern California the blacks found that they were not treated equally.

Reason 3 - Dispersive spatial arrangement   -Though the whites finally became to recognize the consequences of housing people in segregated areas they agressively respnded of the flood of blacks by defending racial desegragation and whatever blacks gained from the benifits of WWII quickly disappeared in the postwar years.

Adrian E. Gangs in the News

The high levels of activity and the fact that virus continues to amplify, there is a moderate risk that human cases of WNV will occur in the State. Severe illness can develop in vulnerable populations and sometimes the illness may result in death.West Nile Virus illness is completely preventable by using personal protective measures and by being proactive to eliminate mosquito breeding on your property. Residents should also avoid large, mosquito breeding areas such as wetlands, shallow stagnant ponds and water filled depressions.